These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers conferred by the Channel Tunnel Act 1987 in order to amend the Railway (Licensing of Railway Undertakings) Regulations 2005 (the “2005 Regulations”) and the Railway (Licensing of Railway Undertakings) (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (the “2019 Regulations”). This is to enable the implementation of an agreement with France for the mutual recognition of railway operator licences in the Channel Tunnel and immediate cross-border areas (the “agreement”).