These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers conferred by section 8(1) of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c.16) in order to address failures of retained EU law to operate effectively and other deficiencies (in particular under section 8(2)(a), (b), (c), (d) and (g) and paragraph 21 of Schedule 7) arising from the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. The amendments set out in regulation 2 are made in exercise of powers conferred by section 247 of the Transport Act 2000 which is being used to update out of date cross-references.