These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers conferred by section 8(1) of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) (“the 2018 Act”), in order to address deficiencies in retained EU law arising from withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU (in particular section 8(2)(c) and (d)). They also make consequential and saving provision under paragraph 21 of Schedule 7 to the 2018 Act.