These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers conferred by section 8(1) of, and paragraph 21 of Schedule 7 to, the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) (“the 2018 Act”) to address failures of retained EU law to operate effectively and other deficiencies arising from the withdrawal of the UK from the European Union. In particular, these Regulations address deficiencies under paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d) and (g) of section 8(2) of the 2018 Act.