These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers conferred by section 8(1) and 8B(1) of, and paragraph 21 of Schedule 7 to, the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) in order (a) to address failures of retained EU law to operate effectively and other deficiencies in retained EU law (under section 8(2)(c) of that Act) arising from the withdrawal of the UK from the European Union; and (b) to make provision in relation to the withdrawal agreement.