These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers in sections 8 and 23 of, and paragraph 21 of Schedule 7 to, the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) in order to address failures of retained EU law to operate effectively and other deficiencies arising from the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union (see section 8(2)(d), (f) and (g) of that Act).