These Regulations are made in the exercise of powers in section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972 (c. 68) and sections 8 (in particular section 8(2)(a)-(d) and (g)) and 8C of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16), in order to address failures of retained EU law to operate effectively and other deficiencies. This includes changes to the way in which such deficiencies are addressed in consequence of section 7A of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 relating to the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland.