These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers conferred by sections 8(1) and 8C(1) of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) in order to (a) address failures of retained EU law to operate effectively and other deficiencies (in particular under section 8(2)(a), (b), (c), (ea) and (g) of that Act) arising from the withdrawal of the UK from the European Union, and (b) implement the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland in the Withdrawal Agreement (“the Protocol”).