These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers conferred by section 8(1) of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) (“the Act”) in order to address failures of retained EU law to operate effectively and other deficiencies (in particular under paragraphs (a), (b), (c) and (d) of section 8(2)) which apply to this instrument arising from the withdrawal of the UK from the EU.