Part 4 of the Immigration Act 2014 (c. 22) establishes a scheme (“the scheme”) whereby proposed marriages or civil partnerships, where one party is not an exempt person, or both parties are not exempt persons, must be referred to the Secretary of State by the relevant registration authority for the purpose of the Secretary of State deciding whether to investigate whether the proposed marriage or civil partnership is a sham. Those provisions have been extended to Scotland and Northern Ireland by the Referral and Investigation of Proposed Marriages and Civil Partnerships (Scotland) Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/396) and the Referral and Investigation of Proposed Marriages and Civil Partnerships (Northern Ireland and Miscellaneous Provisions) Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/395) (“the Scotland and Northern Ireland Orders”).