These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers conferred by section 8 of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) (“the 2018 Act”) in order to address failures of retained EU law to operate effectively and other deficiencies (in particular under section 8(2)(a), (b), (d), (f) and (g)) arising from the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union.