These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers conferred by section 8(1) of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) and section 1(5) and 2(5) of the Export Control Act 2002 (c. 28). The powers conferred by section 8(1) of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 are exercised in order to address failures of retained EU law to operate effectively and other deficiencies (in particular under paragraph (a), (c), (d) and (g) of section 8(2) of that Act) arising from the withdrawal of the UK from the European Union.