These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers conferred by Articles 4(2) and 24a(8) of retained Council Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009 on the protection of animals at the time of killing (EUR 2009/1099) (the “PATOK Regulation”). Under Article 4(2), the appropriate authority may amend Annex 1 to the PATOK Regulation to take account of scientific and technical progress. In relation to England, “the appropriate authority” is defined by Article 2a(1)(a) as the Secretary of State.