These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers conferred by sections 8(1) and 8C of, and paragraph 21 of Schedule 7 to, the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16). They deal with matters arising out of, or related to, the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland in the EU withdrawal agreement (regulations 2 to 6), and make additional provision to address deficiencies in retained EU law (in particular under section 8(2)(a) of the 2018 Act) (regulation 7).