These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers contained in section 8 of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) to address failures of retained EU law to operate effectively and other deficiencies arising from the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union; and, in particular, the deficiencies under paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) and (g) of section 8(2).