These Regulations are made under powers conferred by Article 51(1) of, and paragraph 8(1) of Schedule 3 to, Regulation (EU) No. 600/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments, as it has effect in the UK (“MiFIR”). These powers have been added to MiFIR (and subsequently amended) by relevant EU exit instruments – in particular, S.I. 2018/1403, S.I. 2019/576 and S.I. 2019/710.