This Order replaces section 154 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25) (“the IPA”) with a new section 154 and a new section 154A, following a judgment from the European Court of Human Rights that certain aspects of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. 23) (“RIPA”) were in breach of Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (freedom of expression). RIPA was the predecessor legislation to the IPA.