These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers conferred by section 8(1) of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) in order to address failures of retained EU law to operate effectively and other deficiencies (in particular, the deficiencies under paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of section 8(2)) arising from the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. They are also made under section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972 in part to amend domestic legislation.