These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers conferred by section 8(1) of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018, as amended by the European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020, in order to address failures of retained European Union (EU) law to operate effectively and other deficiencies, in particular under sub-paragraphs (a), (d) and (e) of section 8(2) of that Act, arising from the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the EU.