These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers in section 8(1) of, and paragraph 1 of Schedule 4 and paragraph 21 of Schedule 7 to, the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) (“the Act”) to address failures of retained EU law to operate effectively and other deficiencies arising from the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union (in particular, the deficiencies under paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d) and (g) of section 8(2)).