These Regulations are made in exercise of the powers conferred by section 8(1) of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c.16) (“the EUWA”) in order to address failures of retained EU law to operate effectively and other deficiencies (in particular under paragraphs (c), (d) and (g) of section 8(2) of the EUWA) and paragraph 1 of Schedule 4 of the EUWA (in relation to the charging of fees or other charges by the registrar under the Trade Marks Act 1994 (c.26) (“the 1994 Act”) in connection with the exercise of functions conferred on the registrar by virtue of provision made under section 8(1)).