The Network and Information Systems Regulations 2018 (S.I. 2018/506) (“the 2018 Regulations”), as amended by the Network and Information Systems (Amendment) Regulations 2018 (S.I. 2018/629), implement Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the European Union (O.J. L 194, 19.7.2016, p. 1). These Regulations further amend the 2018 Regulations as follows.